Residential & Commercial

Building Materials

Construction material is that material which is used to construct the skeleton of the building. It includes bricks, steel, cement, concrete, wood etc. Detail of the most important building material is as under:

Bricks: Bricks play the basic role in the construction purpose. A building can be   constructed by means of compiling brick upon one another. Bricks are of mainly types. 

Sun Dried Brick: These bricks are made up of clay or sometimes clay mixed with a small quantity of sand. These bricks are made and kept in the sunlight to get dried. These types of bricks are very common in the rural areas. The cost of these bricks is very low but these bricks are vulnerable to rain water, because the rain water erodes these types of bricks. The disadvantage of these bricks is that we can not bond these bricks with cement. We, again, use clay or mud to bond the bricks with one another.

Burnt Clay Bricks: Burnt Clay Bricks are also made up of clay mixed with a small quantity of sand. These bricks are once dried in the solar heat and then these bricks are burnt in kiln. The heat in the kiln melts the sand particles present in the bricks and strengthens the bonding of sand particles. The bricks are then cooled down and used for building construction. These bricks are a little costly, but still more than 90% of the world’s buildings are constructed with these bricks. These bricks are strongly bonded with one another by means of cement. 

Concrete Bricks: In the big cities and in the areas where Kiln Burnt Bricks are either not available or too costly, concrete bricks are used for the purpose of construction of buildings. Such types of bricks are made up of sand, gravel and cement. This type of bricks is made by mixing sand, gravel and cement in a particular ratio and drying it in the sunlight and throwing water on the bricks for several days in order to strengthen the chemical bonding among the particles of bricks. Disadvantage of bricks like these is that these bricks are very heavy and have a definite life span. After some years these bricks start weathering due to the humidity present in the air. However their weight is mitigated by hollowing them from the inside, but this trick weakens a brick.

Stone Bricks: These types of bricks are used in the mountainous and hilly areas, where a large quantity of sedimentary rocks is available. Sedimentary rocks are cut and shaped. The strength and durability of these bricks depends upon the type of rock they are made of. However these bricks are more durable than all the rest of the bricks. 

Steel/ Iron:Steel or iron is used in the buildings to strengthen and keep them turgid. Different areas of the world use different types of steel and iron. Steel is more elastic and earthquake proof as compared to iron. Iron and steel rods are placed in the concrete part of the buildings and the skeleton is built up and the space is then filled with bricks.

Cement: Cement is the jointing material used all over the world in the construction sector. Cements are of different types. Most of the common types of cement are as under:

OPC: Ordinary Portland cement is used world wide and it is also known as “All Purpose Cement”. It is used in Concrete, mortar and plaster. 

PPC: Portland Pozzolana Cement is made by mixing grinded pozzolanic clinker with OPC. This type of cement is resistant to weathering caused by water and moisture. This type of cement is used in building bridges, dams, drains, sewage, water storages, pools etc. As this type of cement is resistant to water, therefore it is used in buildings surrounded by damp and moist conditions. 

RHPC: Rapid Hardening Cement is made up of adding C3A and C3S with OPC cement. It is used in precast concrete production, concrete masonry, urgent repair work and cold weather concreting. This type of cement is used for the purpose of rapidly hardening the concrete. 

Wood: In many forest regions complete buildings are made up of wood, while in other areas      wood is used in doors, shelves of a building. Below are the types of woods that are mostly used for construction purposes throughout the world.

Hardwood: Hardwood is used for making cupboards, desks, wooden panels, door-frames and window fittings. This type of wood is obtained from teak, deodar and walnut tree. The harness and durability of this type of wood is extraordinary, therefore it is also used in floors of the buildings. 

Softwood: Soft wood is equally durable as the hard wood, however it is soft and flexible. It is used in furniture, walls, floors, desks, doors and wooden panel. This type of wood is obtained from the trees of Hemlock, Silver Phir, Blue Phir and Pine, which are evergreen trees. These trees are found in mountains of very high altitude.

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